Diseases

Type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which the body destroys its own insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Insulin production stops and the patient needs lifelong insulin therapy. This article explains the mechanism, symptoms, diagnosis and modern treatment, and how to live a full life.

Type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the most common form of diabetes — it accounts for about 90% of all diabetes cases. It is based on insulin resistance and a gradually decreasing ability to produce insulin. This article explains the disease mechanism, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis and modern treatment options.

Diabetic retinopathy

Retinopathy is damage to the blood vessels of the retina caused by long-term high blood glucose. In developed countries, it is the most common cause of blindness in working-age adults. However, it is preventable and treatable — and a great deal depends on the patient.

Diabetic neuropathy

Diabetic neuropathy is nerve damage that develops when blood sugar has been high for a long time. It is the most common complication of diabetes — at least half of people with diabetes experience neuropathy at some point in their lives. Symptoms range from tingling and pain in the feet to digestive problems.

Diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy is kidney damage caused by diabetes — the most common cause of chronic kidney disease in developed countries and the leading reason people end up needing renal replacement therapy (dialysis or kidney transplant). With timely detection and treatment, however, its progression can be successfully slowed.

Diabetes tests — A1c, albumin/creatinine ratio and other tests

Good diabetes management is based on regular tests. This article thoroughly explains the most important diabetes tests — HbA1c, albumin/creatinine ratio, lipid profile, creatinine — and what they are used for.

Different diabetes drugs and how they work

Today, more than 50 different medications are available for diabetes treatment, belonging to 10 different drug classes. Each drug acts on blood sugar in a different way — that is why several drugs are often combined. This article thoroughly explains how each class works and who it suits.

Diet, exercise and weight loss

Lifestyle changes are the foundation of diabetes treatment. Proper nutrition, regular exercise and an appropriate body weight significantly reduce blood sugar, blood pressure and cholesterol — often more than any pill. This article gives practical recommendations for people with diabetes or prediabetes.

Walking after meals and 10,000 steps a day

A simple, scientifically proven way to lower blood sugar and body weight is to walk for 10–20 minutes immediately after every meal and reach 10,000 or more steps a day. This article explains why it works, how to start and what the specific numbers mean for your health.

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